Total Protein / A:G Ratio Detail

Total Protein

Total protein is the combined measurement of all proteins present in the blood serum, mainly albumin and globulins.

Description

Proteins in the blood are essential for maintaining osmotic pressure, immune function, transport of substances, and blood clotting.

• Albumin is produced by the liver and helps maintain fluid balance.

• Globulins include antibodies and other proteins involved in immunity and inflammation.

Clinical significance

Abnormal total protein levels may indicate:

• Low total protein: liver disease, malnutrition, malabsorption, kidney disease

• High total protein: chronic inflammation, infections, multiple myeloma, dehydration

Normal range

• 6.0–8.3 g/dL (may vary by laboratory)

A:G Ratio (Albumin : Globulin Ratio)

The A:G ratio compares the amount of albumin to globulins in the blood.

Description

It is calculated by dividing serum albumin by serum globulin levels. This ratio helps assess the balance between albumin and globulins.

Clinical significance

• Low A:G ratio may be seen in:

  • Chronic liver disease

  • Kidney disease

  • Autoimmune diseases

  • Chronic infections (increased globulins)

• High A:G ratio may be seen in:

  • Genetic globulin deficiencies

  • Reduced globulin production

Normal range

• A:G ratio: 1.0–2.2